Cylinder ridge reamer



Aug. 29, 1950 H. R. .LLETER 2,520,829

CYLINDER RIDGE REAMER Filed Aug. 21, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 33 j 2X5 Pf Y INVENTOR,

f/@zgobefzlel A'ug. 29, 1950 H' R; BILLETER v 2,520,829

CYLINDER RIDGE REAMER Filed Aug. 21, 1947 s sheets-sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

A118 29, 1950 H. R. BILLE-ren 2,520,829

CYLINDER RxDGE REAMER Filed Aug. 2l, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVEN TOR.

Patented Aug. 29, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER RIDGE BEAMER Henry Robert Billeter, Highland Park, Ill., as-

signor to Ammco Tools, Inc., North Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application August 21, 1947, Serial No. 769,816

3 Claims.

This invention relates to reamers and it has to do more particularly with an improved cylinder ridge reamer of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 2,380,605 issued to Wallace F. Mitchell on July 31, 1945.

It is well known that wear occasioned by movement of piston rings along a cylinder wall surface tends to form a circumferential ridge adjacent the upper limit of ring travel. In installing pistons with new rings in old and worn,A

vwear ridges of the foregoing kind, which device is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and which is adapted for removal of ringwear ridges in a foolproof and highly efficient manner.

Another object is to provide a tool of the foregoing type that eliminates -chatter during the reaming operation regardless of the manner of ,its use by the operator.

A further object is to provide foolproof adjusting means for initially adjusting the ridge reamer a predetermined extent to insure the necessary operating freedom of the parts under conditions of maximum adjustment during the reaming operation.

Still another object is to provide a cylinder ridge reamer of the drag-cut type that Will perform equally Well when manually actuated by either a pull or push action.

A more specific object is to provide a ridge reamer with a resilient cutting blade by which the foregoing objects may be attained while providing a durable and long-lived tool easily operated with accuracy in the hands of unskilled labor.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent by reference to the descriptions and drawings wherein,

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a ridge reamer embodying my invention, the same being shown with its reamer blade in reaming relation to a ridge formed in a cylinder as a result of ring wear;

"Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken substantially on lines 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken substantially on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial longitudinal section taken substantially on line 4-4- of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a partial section taken substantially on line 5--5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmental section showafter.

.ing the reamer blade in position to remove the ring-wear ridge from a cylinder;

Fig. '7 is a separated, top plan view of the spring ,Washer shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4 employed as a stop for initially adjusting the tool a predetermined extent;

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic View illustrating, for purpose of explanation, the negative rake angle for a reamer blade of the drag-cut type;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a modified form y of reamer blade embodying my invention;

,on line ll-ll of Fig. 10; and

Fig. 12 is an enlarged partial bottom plan view of the modified form of reamer blade shown in Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive.

Referring particularly tothe tool shown in Figs. l to 7 of the drawings, it comprises two main sections 2l! and 2 l. Section 2t rotatably supports section 2l and is adapted to be adjustably and rigidly clamped within a cylinder C of an internal combustion engine (not shown) at a position below the point where the ring-wear ridge R. to be removed is formed. Section 2l supports a reamer blade 22 which is longitudinally adjustable toward and from the ring-wear ridge R, which blade involves an important feature of my invention as will be explained more fully herein- Section 2l is provided at its top with a squared shank .23 for receiving a wrench (not shown) or other suitable power means for turning the section during the reaming operation.

Specifically. the section 2o is similar to the supporting section A of the aforesaid Mitchell Patent No. 2,380,605. Briefly, it includes a body member 24 having a plurality of radially disposed slots 25 in its underside adapted to slidably support clamping blade elements 26 for clamping section 2@ to the cylinder wall. The body 24 is further provided with a concentric, hollow extension or hub portion 2li@L on its upper or outer face `which is rotatably mounted in a bore 2ID formed in the body 24a of section 2 l.

Adjustment of the clamp blades 26 is accomplished by a rod 2l rotatably mounted in the sections 20 and 2l, the lower end of which rod is threadably received in a clamping plate actuator 28. The rod 2l passes axially through the body 24 .and its hub 2&5 and axial displacement of it is prevented by a collar 29 secured to the rod 2l within the bore 2|b intermediate the sections 20 and 2|, and a knurled hand adjusting knob 3l secured to the top of the rod 21 for rotating it to raise or lower the clamping plate actuator 28. The knob 39 is disposed Within a cage-like head 3! formed `at the top of section 2|, which head has an opening 32 in its side wall rwhereby the knob 30 is accessible to the workman, foraetuation to rotate the rod 21 to raise oie-'lower theclanipingplate aictuatepZB. The actuator v28 is provided with circumferentially disposed radial slots 33 for receiving the. clamping plates 2E, the bottoms 3d of such slots being inclined to provide camming sulacesiwhih il. cooperate with complementallyshapededges on,

the clamping plates 26 tdannthe clamping `plates 2G radially outwardly asthe actuator 28' is moved upwardly by rotation of the adjusting knob 33. clamping plates 26 are moved radially inwardlyunder the urge of a garter spring 35 so that the tool maybe readily, inserted into the cylinder C. Rotation of the'acto'etor z'sf'reiatiye to the' body memberi is prevented Iley-a plurality of :dependin guide pins. 35,secured inthe body member an.. ely; receivediio openings Sitio the actuatofA `fixed axial relationship .between the body`vl member 2d` andthe rotatable section 21! is edvfb'yv a spring-pressed ,balli 38j" carried ily, disposed bore inthe Section 21 f inQY a"ci rcurnferentially. disposed groovi xitlie. hub of the'bpdyfmernber 24;

' e foregoing it'wiiibe apparent that .tt-ett lihaytetieeeo withinA thewere cylinder a'nd thatth'e adjusting knobgrlmelybe Arotated toallethe clamping, plates .Zto move radially outwardly into contact withth'eiiworn portionof the cylinder Wall. thus clamping the ,stationary Section. ZjlfV 'the i001 substantially. centrally-With respect to the worn portionofthe cylinder, It should .be .noted .further thatlthel rotatable seetionV 21 is cl lates2;but.is v:free to rotateon the r .24. 'and independently. of .themed 4.2 1 adJliStna kjnob 30.1

" "rnerotatable section 21, Supportsmy .improved e 221er movement Ltowardand; from here.amefd. In accordancefwithmy inven on,- thereamer blade2il is formedofa high; siede. resilient .material and .is so supported tl'l til nage e.be.reamedtherebyeeiievingtheauttiigfd'ge. wherethere. is, a2- tendenoi/f.toV dig-in and'chtterl" forwer cylinder ridge frearnersoie-the,- dragi "d-Qcuttingbaronblaelevrwase emi N 17s;- diagramm'atically.illustrated in in,a, :ri gid cutter A i hai/ ingA agrectangulaigf, outline (brokerifand solid lines) -is shown h. anoereuate surface-,representing reamer le d a .ring-wear ridge;v The angle -Xformed between 60 the .-leadingesur eee. :of1 :the cutter AAmi/itu respect tn the-l direction of its rotationY and `a tangent dlf'lldlethroughigthe-opoint. oi .contact rorg-fthe cuttelsredgWiththe-:arcuate surface is `known to those=i.skilled.:; in the` art. as thev negative rake angle. The cuttingLrate-of drag-cutters ofthis typefis 4inversely.proportional to.l the-'sizeY of. the n-egativerake. angleel It follows .necessarily-that bygrrediucing thee. negative rake angle fstock'. is removed-'gironi .thefring-wear ridge. With'- greater Slleeie Howererrinr; prior tools offthiswchar- Millet; as,.the,anegativef rake-V angle xis :reduced `the cuttingedgeofthegtool tends tof dig-fin: and chatter. during? theereamingf; of thesringfwear ridge. Witlkthe previousnQn-.resilient cutters,- the negaeee ie,fluenteo1A by, the. action ofthe thev ci'ittirig edge.l thereof.. noxes relative". -to

tive rake angle X was selected to provide satisfactory results without dig-in or chatter for most servicing operations. However, at times it 'became necessary to operate the tool in such a way that the driving force was applied rearwardly of the leading surface of the cutting bar with respect to the direction of its rotation. This meantfth-at thewcuttinggbar was-finiv reality being .pushed in the direction in which it was turning 10.. and at times it was found that the cutting edge Iwould tend to dig in or chatter. When the ope'xtatingeforce was applied forwardly of the lead- Viliogfeclg e ofthe cutter, or in other words the cutt' was pulled' rather than pushed, results l5, .jleraehtirely stisvfaCtOIy.

' My novel resilient cutting blade has entirely eliminated any tendency to dig in or chatter duringtheereaming operation regardless of the manner ofY operation of the tool. Ilihis is accom- 2O plished because the projecting, resilient portion ofthe reamer blade allows it to ,yield or to be relieved Vin a direction opposed lto its vdirection .of rotation whenithere is ;any tendencyy to dig in. Thet'ool maybe operated either witha push or e, p ull action appliedtothe squaredy end'23. of

the rotatable section 2i. Further, I haveA reducedtheznegative rake angle or my resilient rearrer blade ,as diagrammatically illustrated 'in Fignk, wherein the negativerake angle is shown at More particularly, I 'accomplish this .re-

duction by.v giving the projecting. cutting. edge edofjllle.. blade Aa curved shape in which projects lfrom thersub'portdrst rearwardly or in adirection oppositethe direction of rotation and theuforivardly andtoward the. cylinder wall at ajoecrease'd ,faire angleasindieatedat Y (Fig. a) Inthsmanner, I haveincreased the cutting speed and Vat the Sametime have eliminated thev dig.- in Iorchattering of thereamer blade on the ring- 40 wlearriclg`-e.,- Inpractice, Ithave, found thata resilient rea'iner blade adapted for reamingof ridges in cylinders rangingjrOmZO." to 4.250 inA diameter, ,havinga thickness of. .050", 1% Width. endlproieoting approximately Te'/ beyond t itssupporft'inginember does. the job4 in anliex-cel.-

lentinannenf Itis `to be understood'thatthese dimensions ,areg'iven .merely b yway Vof example because it has been found that the dimensions oi the Abladerend. .its` extent ,o-projection may, Vbe D. 'varied.somewhet Selene. as the proiectingrart retains` the desired flexibility. and.y resiliency, to relieve 'the tendency todig in and chatter.

The reamer blade 22.. (Figs. .21..to v.5, inclusive) Y is-,supfported ,for vIncrement toward raI-iolfrorri the "J Yridgetri,beroamed. in such a ,way.that .it maybe readily assembled., and disassembled and al.- though it isforinfie'dn o'f .resilient material i'tis-rig.- idly/supported except at and adjacentto its cutting. edge as. above-` expl'ained. Morefparticui larly, the blade 22 is carried bya, rectangularly shapedsupporting member. di] Ysli'dably mounted in ,a slic'lewayV 4i .inithe lowerportion of thebody Zia/of section 2l.v Theblade support dis provided ,on. itsouter face with arectangular recess -42 of a deptnana `Width substantially equal tette thickness and width of the blader 2,;2. The blade is of'such' length that its forwardjend with the cuttingedge projects Jbeyond the forward end of its supportfor engagements/ith the'ridge R to be reamed. The blade-"22 is further located on itssupporte-lldby'a;dowel pin 43"(Figs. 4 and) onth'e support 4U'which passes through-an opening` `dft-in the bodyportionof the blade. Iii-this n manner the blade 2'2 isvfyully-fsupported rigidly, 5 'except-its f cutting edgei end;` byfits support 'inem- Iin the lower part of body 2|@ and its upper end is secured by a screw 41.

The blade support 40, and in turn the blade 22, is moved toward and from the ridge to be reamed by a vertically reciprocable actuator 48. Specifically, the body 2|a of section 2| is provided with a Vertical bore 49 which intersects the slideway 4|. The actuator 48, upper part 58 of which is cylindrical, is mounted in the bore 48 for vertical reciprocation. The lower portion of the actuator 48 is semicircular in cross-section and it has an inclined tongue or feather 5| which is engaged in a complementally inclined slot 52 in the adjacent face of the blade support 48 (Figs. 2 and 4). The upper cylindrical part 55 of the actuator 4B guides the lower part of the latter in the bore 49 so that upon upward movement of the actuator the blade support 48 and blade 22 are moved outwardly toward the ridge R and vice versa when the actuator is moved downward.

Reciprocation of the actuator 48 is accomi for rotation on the stem 53 to raise or lower the Y actuator 48 and in turn the tongue 5| on the lower end thereof in accordance with the direction of rotation of the adjusting nut.

Adjustment actuation of the actuator 48 and blade support 48 is accomplished automatically through a coil spring 51 confined between the underside of adjusting nut 55 and the upper side of the guide member 54. The arrangement is such that when the tool is located in a cylinder, the nut 56 may be set up to a predetermined extent placing the spring 51 under a desired tension to automatically expand the blade 22 as the reaming operation progresses and topermit the blade and its support 40 to move back and forth freely or float So-to-speak as the reaming operation is carried out. To this end, a spring-washerlike member 58 is mounted upon the guide member 54. The washer member 58 is located on the guide member 54 by a plurality of depending peripheral lugs 59, one of which is long enough to seat against a flat seat 59a formed on the body of section 2| immediately beneath the washer 58 to prevent rotation of the washer. The washer is confined against axial displacement by the spring 51, one end of which rests thereupon.

` The washer 58 is provided on its upper face with a pair of diametrically opposed, resilient, upstanding ngers B8 (Figs. 4 and '7), the ends of which serve as stops to limit the extent the nut 56 may be screwed upon the stem 53 and, in turn, the extent of compression of the spring 51. The adjusting nut 56 is provided on its underside with a pair of diametrically opposed, depending lugs 6| (Figs. 3 and Ll) which are adapted to engage the ends of the spring finger stops 6E! as the nut 56 is screwed upon the stem 53. Although the lugs 6| engage the stops 65, the arrangement is such that the adjusting unit as a whole may float up and down (the lugs 5| sliding past the stops 66) to accommodate free movement of the made 22 during the reaming operation. The lugs 6| engage the stops 68 at a point approximately one and one-half turns of the nut 56 short of compressing the spring 51 to a solid condition, this being suicient to effect full automatic operating adjustment of the blade '22 thereby permitting the necessary free floating action of the blade during reaming.

An expansion-limiting screw 62 (Figs. l, 2, 5, and 6) is adjustably carried in the outer end of the blade support member 48', the pur-pose of which is to limit against the cylinder wall below vthe ring-wear ridge R when the ring-wear ridge 'has been removed sufciently to bring it into flush relationship with the worn portion of the cylinder wall. This feature is more fully explained in the aforesaid Mitchell Patent No. 2,380,605.

' The mode of operation of the structure so far described is as follows: The adjusting knob 30, as viewed from the top of the tool, is rotated counterclockwise causing the clamping blade actuator 28 to be lowered relative to the rod 21 permitting the garter spring to draw the clamping plates 26 inwardly a sufficient extent to permit the stationary section 2|] of the tool to be inserted within the cylinder. Before the tool is inserted in the cylinder, the adjusting nut 56 is rotated counterclockwise (as viewed from the top) and by Contact of its top portion with the top `wall of the recess 55, the actuator 48 is forced downwardly causing itsy tongue 5| to cam the reamer blade support and the blade 22 inwardly suiliciently to allow the tool to be inserted in the cylinder. After the tool has been inserted in the cylinder a sucient distance to align the reamer blade 22 with the ring-wear ridge R to Vbe removed, the adjusting knob 38 is rotated clockwise causing the clamping plates 26 to expand outwardly into locking contact with the worn portion of the cylinder walls. The adjusting nut 55 is then turned in a clockwise direction which advances the reamer blade 22 radially outwardly into contact with the ring-wear ridge. When the blade 22 engages the ridge R, clockwise turning of the adjusting nut 56 is continued which compresses the spring 51 (Fig. 4) to spring press the cutting edge of the blade against the ring-wear ridge and causes the projections 6| of the nut 56 to engage the ends of the upstanding stop fingers on the spring washer 58 whereby further clockwise movement of the adjusting nut and its axial movement downwardly caused thereby is prevented. Previous ridge reamers of this type did not employ means for limiting the adjustment of the nut corresponding to nut 55. In such devices it was customary to turn the adjusting nut clockwise until it limited on the top of a guide member corresponding to the guide member 54 Vand it was then backed olf one and one-half to two turns for desired operating freedom of the parts. At times, the workmen using the former type of tool would fail to back 01T the adjusting nut the correct number of turns, or would forget to back it olf at all, resulting in faulty operation of the toolvor in causing an adjustment limiting screw like the screw 62 to score the cylinder walls. By employing the spring washer 58 and its resilient stop elements 68 in my improved ridge reamer, the extent of initial adjustment of the reamer blade may be predetermined without guesswork on the part of the operator and the proper defiection of the spring 51 will always be insured to accommodate reciprocation of the reamer blade due to variations in the cylinder wall surface.

The adjustment limiting screw 62; having been adjusted previously relative to the cutting edge of the reamer blade,l the operator then proceeds to turn the rotatable section 2| 'of the tool and the resilient reamer bladov22A removes the ring-wear ridge without chatter and automatically advances outwardly under the control of the actuator 48 and the compression spring 5'!` as the ring-wear ridge is removed. When the ridge has been removed to the extent that it becomes flush with the cylinder wall, the roundA headed portion of the adjustment limiting screw 62 contacts the cylinder wall preventing further outward movement of the reamer blade. If the worn portion of the cylinder is not concentric with the ring- Wear ridge, the adjustment limiting screw 62 prevents Afurther cutting where the ridge has been removed to a flush relation with; the cylinder but allows the blade to out under the control of its spring-urgedactuator where this condition has not been reached, Y

A modied form of resilient reamerblade 63 is illustrated in Figs- 9. .10. 1 1y and 12, Which blade provides additionaladvantases. lt will be noted that the blade 63 has an integral curved portion 61.'.k which serves as axed limit orV stop to determine the depth of cuton the ring-wear ridge R by contacting the worn portion of the cylinder wall C when the ring-wear ridge has been removed to a flush. relationship with the worn cylinder wall, This eliminates the use of a separate stop 62 as used in theiproviously described form. The cutting odge of'thomodiod blade 63 (Figs. 9 and 12)', as wellias blade 2 .2' (Rigs- 1. tov 7), is disposed at a slight angle with respect: to. the ringwear ridge R. tapering from, its top point radially inwardly approximately 2f? to outa slighteharnier at'the top, oi the. cylinder wall. as the ring-wear ridge is removed The eurvedportion f'is in parallel relation to thecylinder Wall' to provide av bearing surface suln'cientito prevent'seoring the Cylinder wall.. Further. it is locatedoutwardly. to an extent that a plane passed tangent' to the curved portion 6'4 'and'porpondicular to the main body portioniof the reamer blade willintorsect the, cuttingVV odge of the blade substantially centrallyV with respect to its lateral cutting edge.

- Thus the curved iixedstop 65 not Vonly substitutes for the adjustable expansion'limiting screw 62 but it eliminates the necessity of adjustment whenanew reamer blade is installed.

When the rnodiodv resilient blade taisr used, a modified blade support rnombor'` (Fig. 11) is employed. The supportv has two dowel pins ed secured therein and ada-ptedto enter trans verso openings vG'Hlig; 9). in the blade for locating the blade relative to its supportv member-so that the outor or cutting edge of tho blade and the curved- Xedstop-Eal project outwardlybe'- yond the endofy the' support momborl5V apro; determined extont for engagement with the ring-wear ridge R. AV notch 6'8 is providedin tho modified blade Er'to separate its' cutting edge from the stop 6d a suieiont distanootoinsure that the limit or--stop 64 will be below the Vring-v woar ridge and toallow the cutting-odge of the blad-e toex without influencing such-stop member. Except. as heroinabovedeser-ibed,' the modified formoiFigs. 9-to l2 is similar in construction and operation-to thoform of Ito 7;

I claim:

Y l. A' cylinder ridge reamer-Y comprising a pair of' relatively rotatable sections one of" which is 'adapted to be'- securedl rigidly4r in thee-cylinder .having the ridge to be roamed and -theotliep'of which is rotatable on Said iirst sectionand has a slidoway therein and Vservos as areamerblado Y carrier, a, rigid'blade supportincluding a. gonerally rectangular block slidablein said slideway in a generally radial direction toward and away from the cylinder walLia reamer blade formed from a substantially rectangular sheet of thin resilient material of uniform thickness having. a planar body portion. and a cuttingv edge portion at one end formed with an arcuate portion transversely of the blade whereby the loading face of the edge portion constitutosa cutting face inclined forwardly with respect to the corresponding face of the body portion,r said blade boing disposed in abutting aco-toeface relation with and rigidly supportodbetweon the loading face of said supportand the corresponding face of said slidowaywith itsoutting odge portion projecting beyond the ends of said support and slidoway for yiolding'ongagement with the ridge to be roamed, intorengagng means in said blade and on the leading face oi saidsupport for holding said blade and support against relative movemont and for slidingmovemont asa unit, a cam element in the trailing faceoi said ,support, and constantly active actuator means carriodby said second section for rosiliently urging said support outwardly and including a cam element interonf gagoablo with the caln'element of said support.

2. In a tool of the typo described, means for supporting the toolinga cylinder, aV rotatable unit carried by said means including a reamer'blado of the drag out type, a` support for said blade', an actuator for said support'or moving. it together with said blade toward and from; the work, said blade comprising a single sheet. of. ro silient metal andV having a, mainv body portion with longitudinal edges thereof; disposed inparallel relation, a cutting edge rstrend portion disposed along a first part oione endofl said body portion and inclined to the longitudinal edges, an arcuate shapedsocond end portion. disposed along a second par-t ofsaid one ond and removed from saidv first end: portions() that the cutting edge of said first. end portion proiects. outwardly in such a, Way that a, plano passed tangentito the arcuate portion and porpondicularly to the main lbody portion willintorsoct the cutting edge subs stantially centrally therewith, aleading face of said cutting edge being disposed at. an obtuse anglo with the main bodyportion toprovide a negativo rake angle less vthan if'isaid loadingtfaco of said cuttingsedgo portion were oxtendedparaallel with said body portion, and moans on said main body portion for positioning saidblado removably on said support with itsv cutting: edge projecting from said support and free to flex in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the tool, and' moans forv adjusting'- said actuator and support to controlrtho roaming action of said blade.

3. In a cylinder 'ridge reamerl ofthe type'having a rotatable socton supportingl a reamer blade for movement" toward and from the ridge to be roamed, means for adjusting and automatically expanding the reamery blade priorto and said extension to compress said spring more or less, and means for limiting the extent of adjustment of said nut and compression of said spring comprising a stop member mounted on said support and having a, pair of axially yieldable and diametrically opposed stop fingers, and diametrically opposed stop elements on said nut adapted to simultaneously abut said stop ngers when said nut has been adjusted on said extension a predetermined extent in spring compressing direction but short of a position of complete compression of said spring and positively prevent further adjustment of said nut in spring compressing direction, said stop ngers and elements abutting each other in lateral direction and being free to reciprocate relatively axially of the tool.

HENRY ROBERT BILLE'I'ER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 957,504 Frenot May 10, 1910 1,017,521 Farnes Feb. 13, 1912 1,063,211 Pisor June 3, 1913 2,004,741 Zimmerman June 11, 1935 2,039,719 Kline et al May 5, 1936 2,136,350 Berkman Nov. 8, 1938 2,211,757 Olsen Aug. 20, 1940 2,252,540 Archer Aug. 12, 1941 2,317,041 Erickson Apr. 20, 1943 2,380,517 Gordon July 31, 1945 2,380,605 lVIitchell July 31, 1945 

